Research on the Mechanism of User Health Information Identification Behavior from the Cognitive Reference Perspective ——A Comparative Analysis Based on Eye Tracking Experiments
Received date: 2023-08-21
Online published: 2025-04-28
[Purpose/Significance] This study introduces cognitive reference to explore the eye movement behavior characteristics in users' health information identification, and then revealing its cognitive process, helps to reveal the association between users' cognitive psychological activities and identification behavior, and provides a theoretical basis for health information service providers to improve the identification experience of different cognitive user groups. [Method/Process] According to the anchoring effects, the initial judgment generated by the user's cognition and experience was set as the cognitive reference, and the eye movement experiment of user health information identification was carried out to obtain the user's eye movement data. The eye movement behavior of user health information identification under the three types of cognitive reference differences was analyzed, including presence or absence of cognitive references, coordination or absence of coordination, and alteration or absence of cognitive references. Then the cognitive mechanism was revealed. [Result/Conclusion] In the process of health information identification, the difference in cognitive reference causes different cognitive approaches. Specifically, the cognitive reference inexistence users pay more cognitive efforts for positioning information on the search and detail pages. Cognitive reference coordination users and change users spend more cognitive efforts to process information on the detail pages and search engine results pages respectively in the early identification stage, but the continuity of their cognitive efforts is different. At the same time, the change of cognitive reference significantly affect the allocation of users' attention resources.
Chen Jing , Wu Die . Research on the Mechanism of User Health Information Identification Behavior from the Cognitive Reference Perspective ——A Comparative Analysis Based on Eye Tracking Experiments[J]. Knowledge Management Forum, 2024 , 9(2) : 161 -176 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2024.013
表2 健康信息辨识材料Table 2 Task list for health information identification |
| 任务编号 | 材料描述 |
| 1 | 飞沫传播的主要途径是手 |
| 2 | 减毒活疫苗的最大风险是疫苗本身有极小概率导致接种疫苗的人感染病毒 |
| 3 | 打喷嚏时飞沫最多可漂浮2米 |
| 4 | 磷酸氯喹可以预防新冠肺炎 |
表3 健康信息辨识过程中用户与APP页面交互活动Table 3 Interactive activities between users and apps during health information identification |
| 页面类型 | 简称 | 用户预期操作 |
| 查询页面 (query page) | QP | 根据需要辨识的健康信息,输入查询关键词 |
| 搜索结果页面 (search engine results page) | SERP | 浏览搜索结果列表,选择信息进行查看。 此阶段可分为两类子活动:①选择将要查看的内容;②快速浏览搜索结果列表 |
| 详情页面 (details page) | DP | 阅读详细的健康信息内容。 这个阶段可以分为两类子活动:①阅读和理解内容;②略读信息 |
| DP关键 | 在感知关键的页面上阅读详细内容 | |
| DP有用 | 在感知有用的页面上阅读详细内容 |
表4 眼动行为指标体系Table 4 Eye tracking behavior indicators system |
| 活动 | 认知特征 | 眼动指标 | 变量解释 | 指标含义 | 来源 |
| 浏览搜索结果页面(SERP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 首次通过SERP页面的首次注视点的注视时间 | 早期对SERP页面上搜索结果信息加工的认知努力程度 | 文献[11,43] |
| 总注视时长 | 全部SERP页面上注视时间的总长度。 计算方式:每个注视点的持续注视时间之和 | 整体对SERP页面上搜索结果信息加工的认知努力程度 | 文献[32,41,44,45] | ||
| 注视次数 | 全部SERP页面上的注视点个数 | ||||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 全部SERP页面上扫视时间的总长度 | 在SERP页面上定位信息的认知努力程度 | 文献[41] | |
| 扫视次数 | SERP页面上被试者扫视的频数 | ||||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | SERP页面上每个注视点的注视时间。 计算方式:总注视时长/注视次数 | 对SERP页面上信息的注意力程度,越长表示注意力越集中 | 文献[41,46] | |
| 平均扫视时长 | SERP页面上每个扫视点的扫视时间。 计算方式:总扫视时间/扫视次数 | 对SERP页面上信息的注意力程度,越长表示注意力越分散 | |||
| 查看详情内容页面(DP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 首次通过DP页面的首次注视点的注视时间 | 早期对DP页面上详情信息加工的认知努力程度 | 文献[11,43] |
| 总注视时长 | 全部DP页面上注视时间的总长度 | 整体对DP页面上详情信息加工的认知努力程度 | 文献[32,41,44,45] | ||
| 注视次数 | DP页面上注视点个数 | ||||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | DP页面上被试者的总扫视时长 | 在DP页面上定位信息的认知努力程度 | 文献[41] | |
| 扫视次数 | DP页面上被试者扫视的频数 | ||||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | DP页面上每个注视点的注视时间 | 对DP页面上信息的注意力程度 | 文献[41,46] | |
| 平均扫视时长 | DP页面上每个扫视点的扫视时间 | 对DP页面上信息的注意力程度 |
表5 认知参照样本量统计Table 5 Statistics of cognitive references sample |
| 类型 | 样本量 | 总计 | |
| 认知参照是否存在 | 感知真/假 | 75 | 116 |
| 我不知道 | 41 | ||
| 认知参照是否协调 | 感知真 | 39 | 75 |
| 感知假 | 36 | ||
| 认知参照是否改变 | 判断改变 | 67 | 116 |
| 判断未变 | 49 | ||
表6 认知参照是否存在的眼动行为分析结果Table 6 Eye movement behavior analysis results of cognitive reference presence or absence |
| 活动 | 认知特征 | 眼动指标 | 有认知参照 | 无认知参照 | U | p |
| M | ||||||
| 浏览搜索结果页面(SERP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 2 366 | 2 700 | 1 335 | 0.242 |
| 总注视时长 | 49 222 | 62 926 | 1 323 | 0.215 | ||
| 注视次数 | 244 | 330 | 1 269.500 | 0.122 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 30 961 | 48 221 | 1 073 | 0.007** | |
| 扫视次数 | 971 | 1 382 | 1 079 | 0.008** | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 194.260 | 190.380 | 1 382 | 0.369 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.170 | 31.170 | 1 433 | 0.546 | ||
| 查看详情内容页面 (DP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 1 401 | 1 483 | 1 373.500 | 0.344 |
| 总注视时长 | 75 782 | 96 781 | 1 373 | 0.342 | ||
| 注视次数 | 387 | 459 | 1 347 | 0.271 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 46 226 | 47 426 | 1 348 | 0.274 | |
| 扫视次数 | 1 440 | 1 351 | 1 357 | 0.297 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 203.860 | 197.750 | 1 433 | 0.546 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 31.820 | 31.530 | 1 484.500 | 0.760 | ||
| 查看关键页面详情内容 (DP关键) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 14 189 | 13 313 | 1 321 | 0.543 |
| 总注视时长 | 22 476 | 15 77 | 1 192 | 0.161 | ||
| 注视次数 | 116 | 76 | 1 191 | 0.160 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 14 813 | 12 705.500 | 1 288 | 0.417 | |
| 扫视次数 | 451 | 354 | 1 292.500 | 0.434 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 196.980 | 197.990 | 1 410 | 0.951 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.780 | 31.630 | 1 343.500 | 0.638 | ||
| 查看有用页面详情内容 (DP有用) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 13 058 | 16 678 | 1 194 | 0.668 |
| 总注视时长 | 32 226.500 | 44 005 | 1 070 | 0.207 | ||
| 注视次数 | 157.500 | 204 | 1 059 | 0.182 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 18 183 | 25 706 | 949 | 0.038* | |
| 扫视次数 | 574 | 708 | 949 | 0.038* | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 203.625 | 201.940 | 1 167 | 0.542 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 31.310 | 31.660 | 1 180 | 0.601 | ||
注:U指统计量,p为显著性水平,*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01。下同 |
表7 认知参照是否协调的眼动行为分析结果Table 7 Eye movement behavior analysis results of cognitive reference coordination or dissonance |
| 活动 | 认知特征 | 眼动指标 | 失调型 | 协调型 | U | p |
| M | ||||||
| 浏览搜索结果页面(SERP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 2 054 | 2 383 | 550 | 0.107 |
| 总注视时长 | 45 857.500 | 49 573 | 640 | 0.511 | ||
| 注视次数 | 222.500 | 254 | 622 | 0.396 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 28 314 | 32 592 | 654 | 0.611 | |
| 扫视次数 | 837 | 975 | 611.500 | 0.337 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 197.730 | 192.010 | 658.500 | 0.645 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.730 | 30.570 | 559 | 0.129 | ||
| 查看详情内容页面(DP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 1233 | 1 559 | 491 | 0.025* |
| 总注视时长 | 68 575 | 82 578 | 522 | 0.056 | ||
| 注视次数 | 319.500 | 449 | 520 | 0.054 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 43 627.500 | 54 291 | 567.500 | 0.154 | |
| 扫视次数 | 1 389.500 | 1 646 | 548 | 0.102 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 201.850 | 204.880 | 684 | 0.849 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.120 | 31.440 | 627.500 | 0.429 | ||
| 查看详情关键页面详情内容 (DP关键) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 12 424.500 | 15 086 | 618 | 0.945 |
| 总注视时长 | 19 692.500 | 24 061 | 510 | 0.188 | ||
| 注视次数 | 93.500 | 119 | 517 | 0.216 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 13 848 | 17 464 | 545 | 0.361 | |
| 扫视次数 | 426 | 569 | 545 | 0.361 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 196.950 | 202.190 | 577 | 0.587 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 33.400 | 31.590 | 502 | 0.159 | ||
| 查看有用页面详情内容 (DP有用) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 14 407 | 12 881.500 | 555 | 0.778 |
| 总注视时长 | 35 364 | 30 827.500 | 566 | 0.883 | ||
| 注视次数 | 160.500 | 152 | 575.500 | 0.976 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 18 974 | 16 729.500 | 573 | 0.951 | |
| 扫视次数 | 633.500 | 477 | 564.500 | 0.868 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 206.225 | 199.235 | 556 | 0.787 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 31.910 | 31.025 | 531 | 0.564 | ||
表8 认知参照是否改变的眼动行为分析结果Table 8 Eye movement behavior analysis results of cognitive reference change or remain |
| 活动 | 认知特征 | 眼动指标 | 未变型 | 改变型 | U | p |
| M | ||||||
| 浏览搜索结果页面(SERP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 2 059 | 2 724 | 1 120.500 | 0.004** |
| 总注视时长 | 42 275 | 63 233 | 1 185 | 0.011* | ||
| 注视次数 | 220 | 330 | 1 193 | 0.012* | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 31 826 | 34 244 | 1 479 | 0.364 | |
| 扫视次数 | 881 | 1 011 | 1 378.500 | 0.142 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 189.880 | 196.190 | 1 307.500 | 0.062 | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.680 | 30.570 | 1 117.500 | 0.003** | ||
| 查看详情内容页面(DP) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 1 266 | 1 499 | 1 355 | 0.109 |
| 总注视时长 | 71 860 | 92 541 | 1 311 | 0.065 | ||
| 注视次数 | 354 | 449 | 1 375.500 | 0.137 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 56 659 | 44 775 | 1 531 | 0.537 | |
| 扫视次数 | 1 626 | 1 351 | 1 580 | 0.731 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 192.600 | 205.640 | 1 262 | 0.034* | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.820 | 31.300 | 1 291.500 | 0.050 | ||
| 查看详情关键页面详情内容 (DP关键) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 14 298 | 13 173 | 1 444 | 0.760 |
| 总注视时长 | 20 766.500 | 18 046 | 1 457 | 0.820 | ||
| 注视次数 | 115.500 | 86 | 1 382 | 0.499 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 16 112.500 | 12 044 | 1 195 | 0.073 | |
| 扫视次数 | 512.500 | 389 | 1 230 | 0.113 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 188.275 | 201.480 | 1 010 | 0.004** | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 33.190 | 31.580 | 1 153 | 0.041* | ||
| 查看有用页面详情内容 (DP有用) | 信息加工 | 首次注视时长 | 12 069 | 17 715 | 1 071 | 0.088 |
| 总注视时长 | 27 701 | 38 674 | 1 115 | 0.155 | ||
| 注视次数 | 138 | 174 | 1 176 | 0.306 | ||
| 信息定位 | 总扫视时长 | 19 764 | 18 649.500 | 1 272 | 0.691 | |
| 扫视次数 | 635 | 600.500 | 1 311.500 | 0.889 | ||
| 信息驻留 | 平均注视时长 | 186.440 | 206.970 | 973.500 | 0.019* | |
| 平均扫视时长 | 32.270 | 31.165 | 1 062.500 | 0.078 | ||
陈 静:提出研究方向,确定选题;
吴 蝶:分析数据与撰写论文。
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