A Comparative Study on Influencing Factors between University Patent Transformation and Amount of Transformation and Its Implications for Patents Classification Management in Universities
Received date: 2022-10-25
Online published: 2025-04-28
[Purpose/Significance] Comparing and studying the difference between the factors affecting university patent transformation and amount of transformation is the premise of correctly understanding the transformation potential of university patents, predicting the transformation prospects of patents, and conducting scientific classification management in universities, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of university patent transformation. [Method/Process] Based on the same set of index system, multiple linear regression and binary logistical regression models are built to study the influencing factors between university patent transformation and amount of transformation, using transformation patent sample as research data, which contained actual transaction amount information. [Result/Conclusion] The influencing factors between university patent transformation and amount of transformation are quite different. Only the document pages and the number of patent citations have the same influence relationship, and the other seven indicators are inconsistent. The indicators reflecting the legal stability of the patent have a more significant role in promoting the transformation of university patents, while the indicators reflecting the input of man-power, material resources, financial resources have a stronger role in increasing the amount of patent transformation in universities. The four-quadrant classification management model constructed from the two dimensions of patent transformation probability and transformation amount forecast value make the patent classification management work in universities more targeted.
Wei Taichen , Liu Minrong , Chen Zhenbiao . A Comparative Study on Influencing Factors between University Patent Transformation and Amount of Transformation and Its Implications for Patents Classification Management in Universities[J]. Knowledge Management Forum, 2023 , 8(2) : 92 -103 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2023.008
表1 指标选取及说明 |
| 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 说明 | 指标测度 | 预期 关系 | 参考文献 |
| 转移转化金额 | price | 专利实际转化金额(万元) | / | 因变量 | / |
| 是否转化 | tran | 已转化值为1,未转化值为0 | / | 因变量 | / |
| 权利要求数 | claim | 专利权利要求数量 | 反映对技术发明的保护程度 | + | E.Sapsalis(2006)[18] |
| 首权字数 | Fclai | 专利首项权利要求字数 | 反映专利解决技术问题必要技术特征的保护范围 | + | A.C.Marco(2019)[19] |
| 文献页数 | page | 专利申请文件页数 | 反映申请人对专利技术方案的公开程度 | + | 施晴(2019)[20] |
| 专利引证数 | Bcite | 专利引证次数 | 反映专利创造的技术基础,是技术转移和知识流动的展示 | + | 孙玉涛(2016)[21] |
| 专利被引次数 | Fcite | 专利被引用次数 | 反映专利技术知识溢出的程度 | + | 李黎明(2021)[22] |
| 同族专利数 | fam | 专利的同族专利数量 | 反映专利权人为技术发明寻求的国际保护范围 | + | J.Y.A.Og(2020)[23] |
| 申请人数 | app | 申请人数量 | 反映专利合作创新的广度 | + | 张俊艳(2020)[24] |
| 发明人数 | invt | 发明人数量 | 反映技术创新人员知识交叉度 | + | N.Zeebroeck(2009)[25] |
| IPC分类数 | IPC | IPC分类个数,以小类为单位计 | 反映专利横跨技术领域的规模 | + | D.N.Ivan(2018)[26] |
注:+表示预期存在正向影响 |
表2 研究样本高校分布情况 |
| 序号 | 高校 | 高校类别 | 专利转化量/件 | 转化公示时间 | 2014-2018年未转化授权发明专利/件 |
| 1 | 复旦大学 | 综合类 | 29 | 2016.08—2018.07 | 1 782 |
| 2 | 华东师范大学 | 师范类 | 182 | 2018.09—2022.02 | 657 |
| 3 | 华中科技大学 | 综合类 | 735 | 2018.01—2022.04 | 3 983 |
| 4 | 华南理工大学 | 理工类 | 526 | 2016.03—2021.04 | 4 864 |
| 5 | 湖南大学 | 综合类 | 236 | 2016.06—2022.04 | 1 322 |
| 6 | 兰州大学 | 综合类 | 218 | 2017.06—2022.04 | 443 |
| 7 | 南开大学 | 综合类 | 90 | 2018.07—2022.04 | 808 |
| 8 | 南京大学 | 综合类 | 38 | 2020.04—2021.05 | 1 831 |
| 9 | 厦门大学 | 综合类 | 170 | 2019.07—2022.04 | 1 786 |
| 10 | 云南大学 | 综合类 | 19 | 2017.04—2021.06 | 235 |
| 11 | 中山大学 | 综合类 | 401 | 2018.03—2022.04 | 1 819 |
表3 描述性统计 |
| 变量 | 可转化性样本 | 转化金额样本 | 未转化样本 | T检验 | ||||
| 均值 | 标准差 | 均值 | 中位数 | 标准差 | 均值 | 标准差 | T值 | |
| price | / | / | 60.66 | 10.00 | 244.3 | / | / | / |
| claim | 5.57 | 3.59 | 6.51 | 6.00 | 4.623 | 5.44 | 3.419 | -14.242** |
| Fclai | 536.44 | 463.59 | 501.47 | 395.00 | 431.770 | 541.00 | 467.396 | 4.063** |
| page | 11.64 | 6.21 | 12.46 | 11.00 | 6.760 | 11.53 | 6.122 | -7.152** |
| Bcite | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.03 | 3.00 | 9.397 | 3.00 | 2.563 | -0.365 |
| Fcite | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 1.379 | 0.07 | 0.352 | -19.538** |
| fam | 2.11 | 0.98 | 2.06 | 2.00 | 1.576 | 2.11 | 0.873 | 2.734** |
| app | 1.15 | 0.44 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.334 | 1.16 | 0.450 | 7.259** |
| invt | 4.65 | 2.30 | 4.30 | 4.00 | 2.022 | 4.69 | 2.327 | 8.100** |
| IPC | 2.63 | 2.19 | 2.87 | 2.00 | 2.367 | 2.60 | 2.169 | -5.831** |
| 观测值 | 22 208 | 2 564 | 19 644 | |||||
注:**代表P值<0.01,*代表P值<0.05,采用双侧检验 |
表4 转化金额样本变量相关系数矩阵 |
| 变量名 | price | claim | Fclai | page | Bcite | Fcite | fam | app | invt | IPC |
| price | 1 | |||||||||
| claim | 0.058** | 1 | ||||||||
| Fclai | -0.044* | -0.182** | 1 | |||||||
| page | 0.113** | 0.361** | 0.155** | 1 | ||||||
| Bcite | -0.011 | 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.044* | 1 | |||||
| Fcite | -0.002 | 0.068** | -0.062** | -0.013 | -0.020 | 1 | ||||
| fam | 0.089** | 0.249** | 0.003 | 0.154** | 0.136** | -0.051** | 1 | |||
| app | 0.026 | 0.076** | -0.038* | 0.074** | -0.011 | 0.012 | -0.047** | 1 | ||
| invt | 0.053** | 0.005 | 0.056** | 0.049** | 0.004 | -0.045* | 0.020 | 0.161** | 1 | |
| IPC | 0.063** | 0.060** | -0.088** | 0.146** | 0.017 | -0.033 | 0.053** | -0.016 | 0.037* | 1 |
| 容差 | 0.768 | 0.892 | 0.792 | 0.980 | 0.985 | 0.907 | 0.958 | 0.965 | 0.961 | |
| VIF | 1.302 | 1.121 | 1.262 | 1.020 | 1.015 | 1.103 | 1.044 | 1.036 | 1.040 |
注:**代表P值<0.01,*代表P值<0.05,采用双侧检验 |
表5 可转化性样本变量相关系数矩阵 |
| 变量名 | claim | Fclai | page | Bcite | Fcite | fam | app | invt | IPC |
| claim | 1 | ||||||||
| Fclai | -0.212** | 1 | |||||||
| page | 0.302** | 0.154** | 1 | ||||||
| Bcite | 0.021** | 0.022** | -0.012* | 1 | |||||
| Fcite | 0.038** | -0.006 | 0.016** | -0.008 | 1 | ||||
| fam | 0.157** | -0.029** | 0.156** | 0.055** | -0.026** | 1 | |||
| app | 0.047** | 0.004 | 0.049** | 0.005 | -0.009 | 0.047** | 1 | ||
| invt | 0.017** | 0.010 | 0.049** | -0.004 | -0.018** | 0.012* | 0.253** | 1 | |
| IPC | 0.140** | -0.133** | 0.181** | -0.045** | -0.005 | 0.068** | -0.009 | 0.031** | 1 |
| 容差 | 0.827 | 0.882 | 0.819 | 0.993 | 0.997 | 0.956 | 0.932 | 0.934 | 0.935 |
| VIF | 1.21 | 1.133 | 1.221 | 1.007 | 1.003 | 1.046 | 1.073 | 1.071 | 1.07 |
注:**代表P值<0.01,*代表P值<0.05,采用双侧检验 |
表6 回归分析结果 |
| 转化金额样本 | 可转化性样本 | 影响关系是否一致 | |||||
| 回归模型 | 多元线性回归 | 二元logistic回归 | |||||
| 观测值 | 2 564 | 22 208 | |||||
| 因变量 | price | tran | |||||
| 自变量 | B | S.E. | Sig. | B | Sig. | Exp(B) | |
| claim | -0.766 | 1.177 | 0.515 | 0.064** | 0.000 | 1.066 | 不一致 |
| Fclai | -0.035** | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.115 | 1.000 | 不一致 |
| page | 3.918** | 0.793 | 0.000 | 0.010** | 0.003 | 1.010 | 一致 |
| Bcite | -0.689 | 0.513 | 0.179 | 0.004 | 0.285 | 1.004 | 一致 |
| Fcite | 0.517 | 3.485 | 0.882 | 0.560** | 0.000 | 1.750 | 不一致 |
| fam | 12.020** | 3.178 | 0.000 | -0.129** | 0.000 | 0.879 | 不一致 |
| App | 9.755 | 14.571 | 0.503 | -0.424** | 0.000 | 0.655 | 不一致 |
| invt | 5.609* | 2.400 | 0.020 | -0.070** | 0.000 | 0.933 | 不一致 |
| IPC | 3.917 | 2.056 | 0.057 | 0.036** | 0.000 | 1.036 | 不一致 |
| Constant | -34.207 | 22.387 | 0.127 | -2.184** | 0.000 | 0.113 | / |
| F | 12.688 | / | / | ||||
| Prob>F | 0.000 | / | / | ||||
| R2 | 0.043 | / | / | ||||
| Omnibus | / | 609.041(显著性0.000) | / | ||||
| Hosmer-Lemeshow检验 | / | 13.944(显著性0.083) | / | ||||
注:**代表P值<0.01,*代表P值<0.05,采用双侧检验;影响关系一致指该指标对高校专利是否转化与转化金额同为显著正向影响、显著负向影响或无显著影响中的一种 |
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