[Purpose/Significance] Increasing in interdisciplinary science and international cooperation to solve global complex problems, existing research lacks an integrated framework for measuring the trends of interdisciplinary international scientific collaboration that incorporates multi-dimensional indicators and distinguishes different collaboration patterns. [Method/Process] This study differentiated three collaboration patterns, including no international cooperation, bilateral international cooperation, and multilateral international cooperation. It integrated intensity, breadth, impact, and disciplinary diversity of international collaboration to construct a measurement indicator system for interdisciplinary international scientific collaboration trends. An empirical analysis was conducted using the field of climate change as a case study. [Result/Conclusion] The findings reveal that the intensity and breadth of international collaboration of global climate change research have continued to grow, however, the growth trend has significantly slowed down after 2017, with a decline in collaboration intensity between China and U.S. Multilateral international collaboration significantly enhances academic influence (average CNCI of 1.55), far exceeding bilateral international cooperation (1.02) and no international cooperation (0.85). Core disciplines (Environmental & Ecological Sciences, Earth & Planetary Sciences) in the field of climate change have high international collaborative publication volumes but relatively low collaborative activity levels (RSI values of -0.003 and 0.05, respectively). International collaborations of both Sino-U.S. and Sino-European are China-led with uneven disciplinary distributions. Based on these findings, we propose targeted policy recommendations in four areas: establishing long-term and stable collaboration mechanisms, prioritizing support for multilateral collaboration, implementing differentiated disciplinary strategies, and optimizing regional layouts.