[Purpose/Significance] This paper systematically reviews China's existing multiple data registration models, compares their institutional differences, and identifies the resulting institutional coordination problems, in order to provide a reference for the optimization of China's data registration system. [Method/Process] Based on policy documents and registration platform materials, this paper analyzed the institutional differences, functional positioning, and coexistence logic of China’s multiple data registration practices by drawing on property rights theory, institutional economics, and data value chain theory. [Result/Conclusion] Different registration models exhibit differentiated characteristics in terms of rights objects, emphasis on entitlements, and protection intensity, reflecting the institutional choices of market participants to reduce transaction costs at different stages of application. However, the coexistence of multiple models has also generated institutional frictions, including unclear boundaries regarding the applicability of registration certificates, insufficient coordination of standards, limited cross-platform mutual recognition, and functional overlap, thereby increasing the institutional costs of data element circulation. In response, this paper proposes optimization paths in terms of clarifying the institutional boundaries of registration certificates, promoting the coordination of basic registration standards, strengthening coordination among different registration models, and improving scenario-oriented registration adaptation mechanisms. This study helps deepen understanding of the actual operation of China’s data registration system and provides a reference for further institutional improvement.