[Purpose/Significance] The widespread dissemination of false health information will bring unpredictable risks to public health. Exploring the impact of online social learning on public perceptions of false health information identification, sharing and false propaganda can help the public make rational health decisions and promote the governance of false health information from the perspective of social learning. [Method/Process] Through designing the experiment, the verified false health information was selected as the experimental material, and the influence of online social learning on the public's identification and confidence level of false health information was analyzed by using paired sample T test, independent sample T test and single factor ANOVA test. Moreover, the factors affecting the public sharing behavior were explored by using linear regression. [Result/Conclusion] The results showed that online social learning can improve the public's ability to distinguish false health information and enhanced the affirmation of self-judgment. The more transparent the user's background information, the better the risk cognition ability. At the same time, the degree of information authenticity has no significant effect on users' sharing behavior. Therefore, relevant suggestions are provided to provide theoretical reference for social media platforms to deal with false health information governance.