基于技术融合视角的领域知识发现——以低碳能源技术为例
作者贡献声明/Author contributions:
李姝影:论文构思,研究设计,文献调研,数据收集,模型构建,实证分析,论文撰写与修订;
张 娴:研究内容梳理,论文撰写与修订;
李嘉晖:研究内容梳理,文献调研,初稿撰写;
马吾丹:文献调研,实证分析与图表解读;
王小玉:数据收集,多能技术对比测度;
刘春江:知识图谱构建;
许海云:论文撰写与修订。
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李姝影,知识产权研究中心副主任,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师 Li Shuying, Deputy Director of the Intellectual Property Research Center, Associate Research Fellow, PhD, Master Supervisor; |
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张娴,知识产权研究中心主任,研究员,博士,博士生导师 Zhang Xian, Director of the Intellectual Property Research Center, Research Fellow, PhD, Doctoral Supervisor; |
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李嘉晖,博士研究生 Li Jiahui, Doctoral Candidate; |
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马吾丹,讲师,硕士 Ma Wudan, Lecturer, Master's Degree; |
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王小玉,初级研究员,硕士 Wang Xiaoyu, Junior Research Fellow, Master’s Degree; |
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刘春江,高级工程师,博士,硕士生导师,通信作者,E-mail:liucj@clas.ac.cn Liu Chunjiang, Senior Engineer, PhD, Master Supervisor, corresponding author, E-mail: liucj@clas.ac.cn; |
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许海云,教授,博士,博士生导师。 Xu Haiyun, Professor, PhD, Doctoral Supervisor. |
收稿日期: 2025-05-01
网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目“技术创新路径识别与预测的多元关系融合方法研究”(18BTQ067)
中国科学院资助项目“青年创新促进会”(2022173)
Domain Knowledge Discovery Based on the Perspective of Technology Integration: A Case of Low-Carbon Energy Technology
Received date: 2025-05-01
Online published: 2025-06-30
Supported by
This work is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China titled "Research on the Multivariate Relationship Fusion Method for Technological Innovation Path Identification and Prediction"(18BTQ067)
Chinese Academy of Sciences Project "Youth Innovation Promotion Association"(2022173)
[目的/意义] 提出一种基于融合视角的技术领域知识发现的方法与流程,通过构建多能源技术融合知识图谱,重点解析能源协同利用、系统集成等融合特征,旨在为识别技术融合潜力提供新的方法论工具。 [方法/过程] 研究创新性地整合不同的专利技术分类体系,构建多能融合专利知识图谱,建立基于多元技术分类融合的领域知识组织体系。采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的方法构建概念模型,并以低碳能源技术领域为实证研究对象,系统分析低碳能源的多能融合趋势、融合信号以及多能源融合的潜力。 [结果/结论] 实证研究表明,领域知识图谱与计量指标的结合,有助于分析跨多个领域的融合发展态势,揭示多种低碳能源技术融合特征,还能聚焦特定领域挖掘多能融合潜力与技术演化路径,为低碳能源多能融合技术发展规划与应用决策提供科学依据。
李姝影 , 张娴 , 李嘉晖 , 马吾丹 , 王小玉 , 刘春江 , 许海云 . 基于技术融合视角的领域知识发现——以低碳能源技术为例[J]. 知识管理论坛, 2025 , 10(3) : 256 -274 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2025.017
[Purpose/Significance] This study proposes a methodology and process for knowledge discovery in technology fields based on the integration perspective. By constructing a knowledge map of multi-energy technology and focusing on analyzing the integration features (e.g., synergistic energy utilization and system integration), this study aims to provide a new methodological tool for identifying the potential of technology integration. [Method/Process] By integrating different patent technology classification systems, this study innovatively constructed a multi-energy integration patent knowledge graph. It established a domain knowledge organization framework based on multi-technology classification fusion. The conceptual model was constructed by combining the "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods, with the low-carbon energy technology field using as the empirical research object to systematically analyze the multi-energy fusion trend, fusion signal, and multi-energy fusion potential of low-carbon energy. [Result/Conclusion] Empirical study shows that combination of knowledge map, and bibliometrics can help analyze the development trends of low-carbon energy convergence, reveal the characteristics of technology integration of multiple low-carbon energy sources, and focus on specific domains to explore the potential and technological evolution path, to provide a decision-making basis for the development and application of low-carbon multi-energy integration technology.
表1 低碳能源领域不同技术分类体系对比Table 1 Comparison of different technology classification systems in the field of low-carbon energy |
| 序号 | 机构 | 分类体系 | 国家/地区 | 多种能源分类及范围 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CNIPA[11](China National Intellectual Property Administertration) | 战略性新兴产业分类与国际专利分类参照关系表(2021)(试行) | 中国 | “新能源产业”:核电、风能、太阳能、生物质能及其他能源产业、智能电网 |
| 2 | CNIPA[12] | 国际专利分类与国民经济行业分类参照关系表(2018) | 中国 | 441“电力生产”:热电联产、水电、核电、风电、太阳能、生物质能和其他 |
| 3 | WIPO[13](World Intellectual Property Organization) | 绿色专利分类体系(WIPO IPC Green Inventory) | 全球性 | 核能发电、可替代能源(生物燃料、燃料电池、氢能、风能、太阳能、地热能、废热能等) |
| 4 | USPTO(United States Patent and Trademark Office)、EPO[14](European Patent Office) | 联合专利分类体系 (CPC分类) | 欧美 | Y02E(与能源发电、输电、配电相关的低碳技术):Y02E10/1(地热)、Y02E10/2(水力)、Y02E10/3(海洋)、Y02E10/4(太阳能热)、Y02E10/5(太阳能光伏)、Y02E10/7(风能),Y02E50/1(生物燃料),Y02E50/3(废物燃料),Y02E30/1(废生物燃料)、Y02E30/1(核聚变)、Y02E30/3和Y02E30/4(核裂变) |
| 5 | USPTO[15] | EST(Environmentally Sound Technology, EST)绿色专利分类索引(EST Concordance) | 欧美 | 可替代能源:生物质能、燃料电池、地热能、水能、太阳能、风能 |
| 6 | JPO[16](Japan Patent Office) | 绿色转型技术目录(Green Transformation Technologies Inventory) | 日本 | 能源供应(Green Transformation,简称GXA):太阳能光伏发电、太阳能热能利用、风力发电、地热利用、水电、海洋能源发电、生物质、核能发电、燃料电池、氢技术、氨技术 |
表2 低碳能源、储能与多能融合专利检索结果Table 2 Patent search results for low-carbon energy, energy storage and multi-energy integration |
| 一级领域 | 二级领域 | 专利数量/件 | 占比/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 低碳零碳能源 (1 041 553件) | 核电及核能非电利用 | 131 903 | 12.6 |
| 可再生能源(太阳能、风能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能) | 716 720 | 68.5 | |
| 氢能及燃料电池 | 198 266 | 18.9 | |
| 储能与多能融合 (536 591件) | 储热/储冷 | 55 065 | 10.2 |
| 物理储电 | 44 051 | 8.2 | |
| 化学储电 | 416 783 | 77.5 | |
| 以可再生能源为主的新型电力系统 | 21 605 | 4.0 |
图5 低碳领域知识图谱模式构建和实体关系Figure 5 Knowledge graph model construction and entity relationship in the low-carbon field |
图6 低碳领域知识图谱实体关系示例Figure 6 Example of entity relationship in the low-carbon knowledge graph |
图10 主要科技强国低碳清洁能源专利显性优势Figure 10 Revealed comparative advantages of low-carbon and clean energy patents among major technological powers |
表3 基于7种能源全数据集IPC前4位分类号数量Table 3 IPC subclass distribution (top 4 codes) across seven energy datasets |
| 能源 IPC | 物理 | 运输 | 化学 | 建筑 | 机械 | 电学 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 核能 | 215 | 98 | 269 | 2 | 84 | 62 |
| 风能 | 584 | 602 | 176 | 466 | 7 687 | 4 418 |
| 太阳能 | 632 | 557 | 706 | 420 | 4 827 | 4 607 |
| 生物质能 | 3 | 297 | 1 799 | 2 | 183 | 164 |
| 海洋能 | 19 | 301 | 83 | 124 | 4 329 | 249 |
| 地热能 | 9 | 16 | 20 | 81 | 847 | 66 |
| 氢能 | 178 | 598 | 2640 | 31 | 902 | 737 |
表4 基于7种能源技术分类体系IPC前4位分类号种类Table 4 Diversity of IPC subclasses (top 4 codes) in seven energy technology categories |
| 能源 IPC | 物理G | 运输B | 化学C | 建筑E | 机械F | 电学H | 低碳Y02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 核能 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 风能 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 8 | 6 |
| 太阳能 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 25 | 33 | 17 |
| 生物质能 | 1 | 2 | 24 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| 海洋能 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 2 |
| 地热能 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 |
| 氢能 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
表5 7种低碳清洁能源专利技术关联度Table 5 Technological correlation of seven low-carbon and clean energy patents |
| 能源 | 核能 | 风能 | 太阳能 | 生物质能 | 地热能 | 海洋能 | 氢能 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 核能 | 1.000 0 | ||||||
| 风能 | 0.000 3 | 1.000 0 | |||||
| 太阳能 | 0.001 5 | 0.083 5 | 1.000 0 | ||||
| 生物质能 | 0.000 2 | 0.001 1 | 0.002 9 | 1.000 0 | |||
| 地热能 | 0.000 9 | 0.167 5 | 0.077 8 | 0.001 0 | 1.000 0 | ||
| 海洋能 | 0.000 2 | 0.167 5 | 0.024 1 | 0.001 1 | 0.018 9 | 1.000 0 | |
| 氢能 | 0.007 5 | 0.009 7 | 0.012 0 | 0.037 8 | 0.005 8 | 0.011 5 | 1.000 0 |
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