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社会学习与知识共享视角下在线实践社区研究综述
Research Progress of Online Communities of Practice: Perspective of Social Learning and Knowledge Sharing
[目的/意义] 在线实践社区（OCoP）是促进社会学习与知识共享的有效工具，对其相关研究进展进行回顾和评述，可为知识管理的理论与实践提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]首先从概念辨析角度剖析OCoP的内涵、要素及其特征，然后从理论基础、社区管理、用户知识行为和用户持续参与4个方面对相关研究进展进行系统详实的论述，最后对现有研究进展进行综合评述，总结现有研究的不足并提出未来研究方向。[结果/结论] OCoP学习环境的技术设计对其发展至关重要；近期研究关注知识搜寻与知识重用等需求侧行为，以及将供给与需求结合的双向行为，同时知识贡献研究更加关注实践活动、社群互动以及人造物设计的影响和作用；持续使用是持续知识共享的前提，后者包含持续贡献、搜寻与重用等，这些持续行为意愿之间的关系有待深入探寻；此外，社会学习与知识管理相结合的研究视角是提升OCoP知识共享效果的有效途径。
[Purpose/significance] Online communities of practice (OCoP) are effective tools to promote social learning and knowledge sharing. Related research progress is reviewed to provide reference for the theory and practice of knowledge management. [Method/process]This paper firstly summarized OCoPs from 4 aspects of concept analysis, structure design, governance model and effect evaluation. Then it reviewed the relevant research on knowledge behaviors in OCoPs from 3 aspects of theoretical basis, taxonomy and continuance intention. Finally, current research progress was comprehensively reviewed, and the existing research deficiencies and future research directions were summarized. [Result/conclusion]Technical design of learning environment is crucial to the development of OCoPs; recent research focuses on knowledge behavior of demand side, such as knowledge search and reuse, and two-way behavior of both supply and demand sides. Meantime, study of knowledge contribution behavior is more concerned with the effects of practical activities, community interaction and design of various artifacts; continuous usage is the premise of continuous knowledge sharing and the latter includes continuous contribution, search and reuse. Relationships between various continuous behaviors remain to be explored. Furthermore, integrating social learning and knowledge management perspective in research is an effective way to enhance knowledge sharing.
online communities of practice / users’ knowledge behavior / knowledge sharing / social learning
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