企业危机事件中网络舆情热度生成影响因素研究——基于60个企业危机事件网络舆情案例的fsQCA分析
收稿日期: 2023-08-01
网络出版日期: 2025-04-28
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目“大数据支持下网络谣言智慧治理机制及运行策略研究”(项目编号:21BGL243)
上海市哲学社会科学规划资助项目“大数据时代伪健康信息传播特征及多主体协同干预研究”研究成果之一(项目编号:2020BGL005)
Research on the Influencing Factors of Online Public Opinion Heat Generation in Corporate Crisis Events:Based on fsQCA Analysis of 60 Online Public Opinion Cases in Corporate Crisis Events
Received date: 2023-08-01
Online published: 2025-04-28
[目的/意义] 企业危机事件频发导致高热度网络舆情不断涌现,这给企业处理突发危机舆情的能力带来重大挑战,因此如何把握危机舆情热度生成规律成为企业危机管理中亟待处理的问题。[方法/过程] 选择企业危机舆情作为研究对象,基于拉斯韦尔5W传播要素理论,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,基于组态视角探索5W传播要素相互作用对于舆情热度生成的多条路径,通过综合考虑分析传播要素之间的协同驱动关系及作用,试图厘清企业危机事件中网络舆情热度生成的路径及内在机理。[结果/结论] 研究发现:传播效率中的峰值传播速度以及信息人中的领袖媒体占比是企业危机事件网络舆情热度生成的关键条件,在高热度生成结果中,高峰值传播速度以及高领袖媒体占比发挥核心驱动作用;在低热度生成结果中,低领袖媒体占比发挥核心驱动作用。各个传播要素以多条协同路径共同作用于企业危机事件舆情热度生成结果。
许成斌 , 夏志杰 . 企业危机事件中网络舆情热度生成影响因素研究——基于60个企业危机事件网络舆情案例的fsQCA分析[J]. 知识管理论坛, 2024 , 9(2) : 195 -207 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2024.015
[Purpose/Significance] The frequent occurrence of corporate crisis events has led to the emergence of high-heat online public opinion, which has brought significant challenges to the ability of corporations to deal with sudden crisis public opinion, so how to grasp the law of generating heat of crisis public opinion has become an urgent issue to be dealt with in corporate crisis management. [Methodology/Process] Selecting corporate crisis public opinion as the research object, based on Lasswell's 5W communication element theory, using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, exploring the multiple paths of the interaction of the 5W communication elements for the generation of public opinion heat based on the grouping perspective, and analyzing the synergistic driving relationship and the role of the communication elements, we attempted to clarify the paths of the generation of online public opinion heat in corporate crisis events by considering the synergistic driving relationship and the role of the communication elements. and the inner mechanism. [Result/Conclusion] The study found that the peak communication speed in communication efficiency and the leader media share among informants are the key conditions for generating online public opinion heat of corporate crisis events. In the high heat generation results, the peak communication speed and the high leader media share play a core driving role; in the low heat generation results, the low leader media share plays a core driving role. Various communication elements work together in multiple synergistic paths to generate the public opinion heat of corporate crisis events.
Key words: corporate crisis events; online public opinion; Laswell 5W; FsQCA
表1 样本案例集Table 1 Sample case set |
| 序号 | 案例名称 | 序号 | 案例名称 | |
| 1 | 半天妖烤鱼垃圾桶捞回餐食又端给顾客 | 31 | 百度网盘被曝人工审核用户照片 | |
| 2 | 蔚来前实习生称遭性侵后受不公正对待 | 32 | 南京茶颜悦色首店开业被质疑炒作 | |
| 3 | 蔚来试驾车冲进人行道致1死1伤 | 33 | 茶百道与网红垫底辣孩合作引热议 | |
| 4 | 茶百道员工殴打环卫工 | 34 | 小鹏p7高架撞人致其身亡 | |
| 5 | 爱奇艺被曝“一号三用”被封 | 35 | 三只松鼠招聘要求保持松鼠式微笑 | |
| 6 | 鱼跃医疗因哄抬血氧仪价格被罚270万元 | 36 | 名创优品将中国旗袍娃娃称为日本艺伎 | |
| 7 | 山姆会员店被指售卖蓝环章鱼 | 37 | 理想汽车在高速上起火烧成光架 | |
| 8 | 爱奇艺被曝限制投屏和HDMI连线播放 | 38 | 古茗奶茶中喝出壁虎 | |
| 9 | 沪上阿姨联名《光夜》翻车 | 39 | 三只松鼠脱氧剂包装破损致孕妇误食 | |
| 10 | 蜜雪冰城被曝喝出虫子商家态度引争议 | 40 | 理想试驾车急刹空气悬架断裂 | |
| 11 | 得物被曝调用手机权限删投诉视频 | 41 | 趣店黑历史牵连合作艺人 | |
| 12 | 波司登淘宝旗舰店被曝先提价再打折 | 42 | 张小泉客服称菜刀不能拍蒜 | |
| 13 | 特斯拉潮州失控致2死3伤 | 43 | 高合汽车被曝销售欺诈 | |
| 14 | 资生堂双11逃避价保遭消费者集体维权 | 44 | 蔚来汽车被曝遭灰熊做空 | |
| 15 | 融创偷换与中融信托共管的保险柜锁芯 | 45 | 新疆麦趣尔牛奶被曝不合格 | |
| 16 | 李宁新品被指像日军军服 | 46 | QQ大批账号被盗 | |
| 17 | 蜜雪冰城被河南一影院禁止入内 | 47 | 蔚来汽车坠楼两名试车员身亡 | |
| 18 | 椰树集团直播带货风格引争议 | 48 | 学习通疑似数据泄露 | |
| 19 | DR被曝成本4千卖1.5万可删购买记录 | 49 | 711广告被指擦边 | |
| 20 | 三只松鼠被曝吃出油炸壁虎 | 50 | 小米电视再被曝屏幕自动脱落 | |
| 21 | 茶颜悦色南京新店招牌引争议 | 51 | 江南布衣童装被指画风诡异 | |
| 22 | 良品铺子月饼被曝吃出塑料 | 52 | 安踏女鞋海报被指打擦边球 | |
| 23 | 海天味业被曝“双标”酱油 | 53 | 搜狐员工遭内部邮件诈骗 | |
| 24 | 槐店王婆大虾回收剩菜再上餐桌 | 54 | 奥迪小满广告被曝抄袭 | |
| 25 | 蜜雪冰城茶包被曝喝出多条虫子 | 55 | 古茗直播间系统自动退单 | |
| 26 | 半盒田咖啡被指歧视职场妈妈 | 56 | LV专柜售假被罚三倍赔偿 | |
| 27 | 张亮麻辣烫有污垢被质疑不刷碗 | 57 | 小鹏汽车毁约20余名应届生 | |
| 28 | 悦鲜活牛奶广告用词被质疑不尊重女性 | 58 | 妇炎洁广告被指侮辱女性 | |
| 29 | 麦趣尔因“丙二醇事件”被罚7315万元 | 59 | 知网被市监局立案调查 | |
| 30 | 水滴筹中介抽成高达70% | 60 | 益禾堂使用发霉变质食材 | |
表2 条件与结果的校准Table 2 Calibration of conditions and results |
| 类别 | 要素名称 | 校准锚点 | ||
| 完全隶属 | 交叉点 | 完全不隶属 | ||
| 条件 | 涉事企业公开回应次数 | 4.95 | 2.00 | 1.00 |
| 微博平台舆论占比 | 0.94 | 0.52 | 0.13 | |
| 领袖媒体 | 2.02 | 0.60 | 0.11 | |
| 百度咨询指数 | 6 368 734.00 | 394 355.50 | 2 906.80 | |
| 峰值传播速度 | 897.65 | 194.00 | 47.05 | |
| 转评赞总量 | 1 346 631.00 | 107 155.50 | 5 768.30 | |
| 事件风险程度 | 0.95 | 0.50 | 0.05 | |
| 结果 | 舆情事件传播热度 | 15 822.80 | 3 575.00 | 814.05 |
表3 单个条件的必要性分析Table 3 Necessity analysis of single condition |
| 变量 | 结果变量:高热度危机舆情 | 结果变量:低热度危机舆情 | ||
| 一致性 | 覆盖率 | 一致性 | 覆盖率 | |
| 回应次数 | 0.714 666 | 0.630 404 | 0.624 347 | 0.704 739 |
| ~回应次数 | 0.665 273 | 0.580 531 | 0.672 566 | 0.751 011 |
| 转评赞总量 | 0.664 134 | 0.675 686 | 0.523 456 | 0.681 484 |
| ~转评赞总量 | 0.686 930 | 0.529 739 | 0.750 891 | 0.740 990 |
| 微博舆论占比 | 0.624 620 | 0.508 978 | 0.758 610 | 0.791 022 |
| ~微博舆论占比 | 0.743 541 | 0.706 498 | 0.529 097 | 0.643 321 |
| 百度咨询指数 | 0.673 252 | 0.740 803 | 0.483 076 | 0.680 184 |
| ~百度咨询指数 | 0.709 346 | 0.517 461 | 0.815 914 | 0.761 641 |
| 峰值传播速度 | 0.839 286 | 0.833 270 | 0.468 230 | 0.594 870 |
| ~峰值传播速度 | 0.591 945 | 0.465 214 | 0.868 765 | 0.873 694 |
| 信息风险程度 | 0.861 322 | 0.657 101 | 0.703 088 | 0.686 377 |
| ~信息风险程度 | 0.588 906 | 0.607 843 | 0.648 753 | 0.856 863 |
| 领袖媒体占比 | 0.892 097 | 0.818 119 | 0.498 515 | 0.585 017 |
| ~领袖媒体占比 | 0.547 492 | 0.460 383 | 0.845 012 | 0.909 265 |
表4 高热度企业危机舆情传播态势的组态分析Table 4 Grouping analysis of crisis public opinion communication dynamics of high-heat enterprises |
| 条件变量 | 路径1 | 路径2 | 路径3 | 路径4 | 路径5 | 路径6 |
| 回应次数 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 转评赞总量 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 微博舆论占比 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 百度咨询指数 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 峰值传播速度 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
| 事件风险程度 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 领袖媒体占比 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
| 原始覆盖率 | 0.378 | 0.293 | 0.368 | 0.292 | 0.315 | 0.388 |
| 唯一覆盖率 | 0.113 | 0.041 | 0.016 | 0.034 | 0 | 0.001 |
| 一致性 | 0.942 | 0.963 | 0.973 | 0.981 | 0.957 | 0.966 |
| 总覆盖率 | 0.647 | |||||
| 总一致性 | 0.959 | |||||
注:核心条件出现用●表示,缺席用⊗表示;边缘条件存在用⊙表示,缺席用⊙表示,而条件无关紧要则用空白表示,即可以出现也可以缺席。下同 |
表5 低热度企业危机舆情传播态势的组态分析Table 5 Grouping analysis of crisis public opinion communication dynamics of low-heat enterprises |
| 条件变量 | 路径1 | 路径2 | 路径3 | 路径4 | 路径5 |
| 回应次数 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | |
| 转评赞总量 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ |
| 微博舆论占比 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ |
| 百度咨询指数 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ |
| 峰值传播速度 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ |
| 事件风险程度 | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ | ⊙ |
| 领袖媒体占比 | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ |
| 原始覆盖率 | 0.248 | 0.331 | 0.202 | 0.328 | 0.198 |
| 唯一覆盖率 | 0.048 | 0.081 | 0.003 | 0.107 | 0.017 |
| 一致性 | 0.981 | 0.996 | 0.997 | 0.960 | 0.965 |
| 总覆盖率 | 0.533 | ||||
| 总一致性 | 0.967 | ||||
许成斌:确定论文主题,进行数据收集与论文撰写;
夏志杰:指导研究思路,修改论文。
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