公众对人工智能的认知与情感态度——以ChatGPT为例
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王益君,副教授,博士; |
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董韵美,硕士研究生,通信作者,E-mail:yunmeidong163@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2023-09-13
网络出版日期: 2025-04-28
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学规划项目资助项目“重大公共政策调整的网络舆情风险实时监测预警方法研究”(23YJAZH147)
The Public's Perceptions and Emotional Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence: Take ChatGPT as an Example
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Wang Yijun, associate professor, PhD; |
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Dong Yunmei, master candidate, corresponding author, E-mail: yunmeidong163@163.com. |
Received date: 2023-09-13
Online published: 2025-04-28
Supported by
Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Project of the Ministry of Education titled “Research on real-time monitoring and early warning methods of online public opinion risks for major public policy adjustments”(23YJAZH147)
王益君 , 董韵美 . 公众对人工智能的认知与情感态度——以ChatGPT为例[J]. 知识管理论坛, 2024 , 9(1) : 16 -29 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2024.002
[Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to explore the public's perceptions and emotional attitude towards artificial intelligence and its transmission mechanism, which is of great significance to enrich research in artificial intelligence-related fields. [Method/Process] Taking ChatGPT as an example, text mining methods were used to collect Weibo comment data of public participation in this topic discussion and sentiment analysis was performed. On this basis, the cellular automaton model was used to simulate and explore the transmission mechanism of public's cognition and emotion on artificial intelligence. [Result/Conclusion] The research conclusions show that: First, the public’s discussion of ChatGPT on Weibo topics generally has a positive attitude. Second, the public’s perceptions and emotional attitude toward artificial intelligence is closely related to the public’s initial emotion and the influence weight of surrounding neighbors.
表1 ChatGPT话题发展历程Table 1 The development history of the ChatGPT topic |
| 时间 | 话题重要节点 | 微博话题阅读次数 |
| 2022年11月30日 | 美国Open AI研发的聊天机器人ChatGPT程序发布,迅速在社交媒体上走红 | 10.4万 |
| 2023年2月2日 | 美国人工智能(AI)公司Open AI发布ChatGPT试点订阅计划——ChatGPT Plus | 550.8万 |
| 2023年2月7日 | 微软宣布推出由ChatGPT支持的最新版本人工智能搜索引擎Bing(必应)和Edge浏览器 | 1.2亿 |
| 2023年3月15日 | Open AI正式推出GPT-4 | 7 345.5万 |
| 2023年3月31日 | 意大利个人数据保护局宣布,从即日起禁止使用聊天机器人ChatGPT | 3.8亿 |
表2 部分评论文本展示Table 2 Partial comment text display |
| 序号 | 评论日期及时间 | 评论者ID | 评论文本内容 |
| 1 | 2022年12月1日19:30 | 69****1878 | 有用过open ai那个写东西的机器人写论文,挺好用的,很聪明 |
| 2 | 2023年1月19日19:09 | 74****6702 | GPT只是更近了一步,离实用还差段路 |
| 3 | 2023年2月4日19:05 | 52****2678 | 我想请教您,您觉得如何不被人工智能替代呢?作为社会的一员,如何影响身边的更多的关注这些问题!谢谢您! |
| 4 | 2023年3月16日20:43 | 75****2163 | 还是有前景的吧,我觉得还是要给点时间看看 |
| 5 | 2023年3月27日22:33 | 70****7941 | 人工智能越来越发达了 |
是与ChatGPT相关的微博评论
的情感值得分,
为一条评论文本中第
个情感词的分数,
为情感词
对应的程度副词系数,
为情感词前否定词的个数。特别地,如果
,表示评论该条博文的公众对ChatGPT呈积极情感态度,情感值越高,表示积极情感越强烈;如果
表示评论该条博文的公众对ChatGPT呈消极情感态度,情感值越低,表示消极情感越强烈;如果
,则表示公众对其情感呈中立态度。表3 情感值的统计特征Table 3 Statistical characteristics of sentiment value |
| 时间 | 评论数量/条 | 平均值 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 各月公众观点倾向占比/% | ||
| 正向人数占比 | 中立人数占比 | 负向人数占比 | |||||
| 2022年12月 | 4 087 | 1.845 | 40.36 | -15.04 | 68.1 | 6.6 | 25.2 |
| 2023年1月 | 4 338 | 1.807 | 38.34 | -8.82 | 69.9 | 6.2 | 23.8 |
| 2023年2月 | 122 672 | 1.993 | 48.67 | -28.28 | 69.3 | 7.0 | 25.3 |
| 2023年3月 | 4 564 | 1.500 | 35.55 | -15.87 | 68.9 | 7.7 | 23.2 |
表4 每月段排名前5的词频统计Table 4 The word frequency statistics of the top 5 in each month |
| 2022年12月 | 2023年1月 | ||||
| 排名 | 观点词 | 词频/次 | 排名 | 观点词 | 词频/次 |
| 1 | 社区 | 344 | 1 | 人工智能 | 386 |
| 2 | 问题 | 275 | 2 | 人类 | 312 |
| 3 | 互动 | 228 | 3 | 数字 | 280 |
| 4 | 人类 | 194 | 4 | 厉害 | 222 |
| 5 | 注册 | 158 | 5 | 社区 | 216 |
| 2023年2月 | 2023年3月 | ||||
| 排名 | 观点词 | 词频/次 | 排名 | 观点词 | 词频/次 |
| 1 | 人工智能 | 646 | 1 | 人工智能 | 255 |
| 2 | 百度 | 445 | 2 | 人类 | 198 |
| 3 | 厉害 | 317 | 3 | 发展 | 176 |
| 4 | 发展 | 304 | 4 | 科技 | 170 |
| 5 | 社区 | 281 | 5 | 问题 | 166 |
越大,表明公众对ChatGPT的情感态度越积极;
越小,表明公众对ChatGPT的情感态度越消极。
时刻公众状态的转换规则可以表示为:
时刻公众对人工智能情感态度的坚定度为
,体现了公众在受到周围邻居影响时自我的坚持程度;
为周围邻居影响力系数,表示受到周围邻居影响的程度。不同的情感倾向对于公众的影响力不同,在状态转移函数中用
、
、
表示周围邻居的负面、中立和正面情感态度对公众
的影响权重。表5 实验1的参数设置Table 5 Parameter settings of experiment 1 |
| 实验 | 初始情感占比 (正:中:负) | | | | | |
| 1-a | 2:1:1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 |
| 1-b | 1:2:1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 |
| 1-c | 1:1:2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 |
,具体的实验参数如表6所示:表6 实验2参数设置Table 6 Parameter settings of experiment 2 |
| 实验 | | | | | |
| 2-a | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.349 | 0.318 | 0.333 |
| 2-b | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.333 | 0.318 | 0.349 |
王益君:提出研究方向与思路,确定选题,分析数据与撰写论文;
董韵美:收集并处理数据,分析数据与撰写论文。
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