关系质量、众包质量与企业创新绩效关系研究——动态能力的调节效应
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卢新元,教授,博士生导师,E-mail: luxy@mail.ccnu.edu.cn; |
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赵敏,硕士研究生; |
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黄河,硕士研究生; |
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黄梦梅,博士研究生。 |
Copy editor: 徐健
收稿日期: 2018-01-16
网络出版日期: 2025-04-28
Reseacrh on the Relationship of Relationship Quality , Crowdsourcing Quality and Enterprise Innovation Performance:Moderating Role of Dynamic Capabilities
Received date: 2018-01-16
Online published: 2025-04-28
[目的/意义] 众包模式为企业外部创新提供了突破口,能降低企业创新成本、降低创新绩效,但目前企业运用众包模式的效果并不理想,需要提升。[方法/过程] 基于委托代理理论,将众包社群视为企业外部动态组织,深入分析企业与众包社群的关系质量对企业创新绩效的作用机制,并在此基础上考察众包质量的中介作用和企业动态能力的调节效应。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明,关系质量对创新绩效无直接显著影响,众包质量在其中发挥了中介作用,企业的适应能力对关系质量有一定的调节作用,经调节后的关系质量能提升企业创新绩效;众包质量对企业创新绩效有显著直接作用,且企业的吸收能力和创新能力对众包质量与众包创新绩效直接的关系有正向调节作用;动态能力能有效调节众包质量的中介作用,使其在关系质量与创新绩效直接起部分中介作用。
卢新元 , 赵敏 , 黄河 , 黄梦梅 . 关系质量、众包质量与企业创新绩效关系研究——动态能力的调节效应[J]. 知识管理论坛, 2018 , 3(3) : 130 -139 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.2095-5472.2018.013
[Purpose/significance] The model of Crowdsourcing provides a breakthrough for enterprise external innovation, which can reduce the cost of innovation and reduce innovation performance. However, the effect of public package mode is not ideal at present, and it needs to be promoted. [Method/process] Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper regarded crowdsourcing community as external dynamic organization, carried out in depth analysis on the action mechanism that relationship quality between enterprise and crowdsourcing community act on innovation performance, Then, it investigated the mediating effects of crowdsourcing quality and the moderating effect of enterprises’ dynamic capabilities. [Result/conclusion] The results show that: The relationship quality has no significant effect on innovation performance, crowdsourcing quality play a mediating role, the adaptability of enterprises has a moderating effect on the relationship quality, and adjusted relationship quality can improve the enterprise innovation performance; The crowdsourcing quality performance has a significant direct on innovation performance, and moreover, absorptive capacity and innovation capability of enterprises have positive moderating effect on the relationship between relationship quality and innovation performance; Dynamic capabilities can effectively regulate the mediating effects of crowdsourcing quality, so that it can directly play a partial mediation role between relationship quality and innovation performance.
表1 变量的测度项 |
| 变量 | 测度项 | 参考来源 | |
| 关系质量 | 信任 | XR1觉得接包方可以信任 | [16] [17] |
| XR2相信接包方不会利用我们的问题去获取额外利润 | |||
| XR3相信接包方会尽力完成任务 | |||
| 沟通 | GT1觉得接包方在同我们协商时很诚恳 | ||
| GT2回复接包方的问题认真及时 | |||
| GT3觉得该众包平台有利于接包方与我们沟通 | |||
| 众包质量 | 感知有用性 | CU1觉得接包方提交的方案可以使我们更快的完成任务 | [20] [33] |
| CU2觉得接包方提交的方案使我们的工作更容易 | |||
| CU3觉得接包方提交的方案可以解决我们的问题 | |||
| 感知易用性 | CE1觉得接包方提交的方案是清晰易懂的 | ||
| CE2觉得接包方提交的方案用于解决我们的问题很容易 | |||
| CE3觉得接包方提交的方案很容易操作 | |||
| 动态能力 | 适应能力 | SY1我们的管理体系鼓励员工挑战不合时宜的传统习惯 | [31] [34] |
| SY2我们的管理体系非常灵活,能够快速响应市场的变化 | |||
| SY3我们能够快速跟进商业环境变化,抢占先机 | |||
| 吸收能力 | XS1我们能够很快发现外部新知识对于现有技术的提升作用 | ||
| XS2我们能够快速理解已获得的技术信息 | |||
| XS3我们能很快识别外部知识对于现有知识的用途 | |||
| 创新能力 | CX1我们能很快使用已消化的新知识进行新产品或新服务的开发 | ||
| CX2我们能将已消化的新技术和其他技术融合 | |||
| CX3公司的领导愿意承担风险以抓住和利用不确定的增长机会 | |||
| 创新绩效 | JX1新产品开发数量很突出 | [35] [36] | |
| JX2申请的专利数目多 | |||
| JX3新产品开发速度快 | |||
| JX4新产品开发成功率高 | |||
| JX5新产品销售额占销售总额比重较大 | |||
| JX6客户的满意度高 | |||
注:创新绩效是针对过去5年,被调查公司与同行业竞争对手相比的结果 |
表2 样本企业特征统计(N=161) |
| 变量 | 类别 | 频数 | 比例/% |
| 企业成立年限/年 | <2 | 39 | 24.2 |
| 2-4 | 39 | 24.2 | |
| 4-8 | 43 | 26.7 | |
| >8 | 40 | 24.8 | |
| 企业员工总数/人 | <10 | 50 | 31.1 |
| 10-100 | 41 | 25.5 | |
| 100-300 | 42 | 26.1 | |
| >300 | 28 | 17.4 | |
| 企业所属行业 | 服务业 | 10 | 6.2 |
| 建筑房地产业 | 14 | 8.7 | |
| 金融和保险业 | 10 | 6.2 | |
| 软件开发行业 | 50 | 31.1 | |
| 医药行业 | 18 | 11.2 | |
| 咨询、专业服务业 | 11 | 6.8 | |
| 制造业 | 42 | 26.1 | |
| 其他 | 6 | 3.7 | |
| 参与众包年限/年 | <1 | 25 | 15.5 |
| 1-2 | 99 | 61.5 | |
| 3-4 | 32 | 19.9 | |
| >5 | 5 | 3.1 |
表3 测项标准负载及AVE、CR值 |
| 潜变量 | 因子 | 测量项 | 标准负载 | AVE | CR | Cronbach's a |
| 关系质量 | 信任 | XR1 | 0.956 | 0.785 6 | 0.915 9 | 0.869 9 |
| XR2 | 0.762 | |||||
| XR3 | 0.926 | |||||
| 沟通 | GT1 | 0.851 | 0.727 0 | 0.888 5 | 0.810 5 | |
| GT2 | 0.794 | |||||
| GT3 | 0.909 | |||||
| 众包质量 | 感知有用性 | CU1 | 0.864 | 0.672 7 | 0.860 2 | 0.759 4 |
| CU2 | 0.819 | |||||
| CU3 | 0.776 | |||||
| 感知易用性 | CE1 | 0.862 | 0.749 1 | 0.899 6 | 0.832 7 | |
| CE2 | 0.851 | |||||
| CE3 | 0.883 | |||||
| 动态能力 | 适应能力 | SY1 | 0.834 | 0.629 0 | 0.835 3 | 0.705 5 |
| SY2 | 0.733 | |||||
| SY3 | 0.808 | |||||
| 吸收能力 | XS1 | 0.895 | 0.755 3 | 0.902 2 | 0.836 5 | |
| XS2 | 0.798 | |||||
| XS3 | 0.909 | |||||
| 创新能力 | CX1 | 0.849 | 0.782 6 | 0.915 2 | 0.862 3 | |
| CX2 | 0.896 | |||||
| CX3 | 0.908 | |||||
| 创新绩效 | JX1 | 0.882 | 0.613 9 | 0.904 7 | 0.873 4 | |
| JX2 | 0.803 | |||||
| JX3 | 0.792 | |||||
| JX4 | 0.747 | |||||
| JX5 | 0.721 | |||||
| JX6 | 0.745 |
表4 各因子AVE值平方根及相关系数 |
| XR | GT | CU | CE | SY | XS | CX | JX | |
| XR | 0.886 3 | |||||||
| GT | 0.173 2 | 0.852 6 | ||||||
| CU | 0.483 3 | 0.292 2 | 0.820 2 | |||||
| CE | 0.435 8 | 0.358 2 | 0.298 7 | 0.865 5 | ||||
| SY | 0.309 7 | 0.190 2 | 0.231 5 | 0.280 3 | 0.793 1 | |||
| XS | 0.510 8 | 0.221 8 | 0.353 2 | 0.445 9 | 0.375 0 | 0.869 1 | ||
| CX | 0.102 4 | -0.004 1 | 0.036 2 | -0.018 2 | 0.306 6 | 0.205 6 | 0.884 6 | |
| JX | 0.485 0 | 0.326 2 | 0.453 6 | 0.476 0 | 0.479 3 | 0.472 3 | 0.260 8 | 0.783 5 |
表5 基本模型与中介模型结果 |
| 变量间的路径关系 | 基本模型 | 中介模型 | ||||
| 路径系数 | T值 | 显著水平 | 路径系数 | T值 | 显著水平 | |
| 关系质量→众包质量 | 0.430* * * | 8.598 | 非常显著 | 0.430* * * | 8.836 | 非常显著 |
| 关系质量→创新绩效 | 0.199* * | 2.846 | 显著 | 0.118 | 1.671 | 不显著 |
| 众包质量→创新绩效 | 0.519* * * | 9.227 | 非常显著 | |||
注:* * 表示P<0.01,* * * 表示P<0.001 |
卢新元: 指导论文、整体把握;
赵敏: 论文分析、模型确定及内容撰写;
黄河: 提出论文修改建议;
黄梦梅: 参与论文修改。
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