[目的/意义] “双一流”大学建设重在学科。探究一流学科计量评价方法是完善一流学科评价体系的重要内容。[方法/过程] 通过对部分世界一流大学样本ESI数据的调查，分析可行的对样本大学学科质量评价的关键计量学方法，包括论文数量与增长的关系、学科相对排名、学科规范化的引文影响力。提出学科“四分法”评价方法，从贡献力和影响力两个维度对学科进行分类评价，给出各大学的超级学科、顶尖学科、重要学科和普通学科数量。[结果/结论] 学科“四分法”解决了世界一流大学学科评价中易产生同质化结果的问题。分析结果显示，美国拥有众多超级学科和顶尖学科，数量远超其他国家，德国、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、瑞士、中国、新加坡等国家与之相比差距悬殊。

[Purpose /significance] “Double first-class” university construction focuses on disciplines. Exploring the first-class subject quality evaluation method is an important content of perfecting the first-class discipline evaluation system. [Method/Process] This paper analyzed the key features of the sample group’s subject measurement by analyzing the ESI data of the world’s top 50 universities in the world, including the relationship between the numbers of papers and the growth, the relative ranking of disciplines, and the citation influence. This paper put forward the discipline “quartet method” from two dimensions: the contribution and the influence, with good discrete effects and reliability. [Result/Conclusion] The discipline “quartet method” solves the problems of result homogenization in the world first-class discipline evaluation. It is shown that there are numerous super disciplines, whose amount is much larger that those of other countries, such as Germany, Japan, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, China, Singapore.