[目的/意义] 国家自然科学基金作为我国支持基础研究的主要渠道，已经成为衡量我国基础研究水平的一项重要指标。分析我国省域和科研机构医学科学的国家自然科学基金现状，有助于缩小省域差距，提高我国医学科学的基础研究。[方法/过程] 本文根据国家自然科学基金公开的项目信息和以前学者的研究，修正竞争力指数，分析2006-2016年医学科学的项目经费和项目数量，以及全国31个省域的医学科学基础研究竞争力和排名的变化趋势。[结果/结论] 结果显示，近年来，我国医学科学基础研究有大幅提高，但省域差距较大。

[Purpose/significance] The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is one of the most important channels to support basic research in China. Competition for funding by the NSFC has been a very important indicator to measure the basic research level of various province and scientific research institutions. [Method/process] By combing and analyzing the status quo of NSFC in medical science, it is helpful to narrow the provincial gap and improve the basic research of medical science in China. Based on the project information of NSFC and previous scholars’ research, the paper update the index of basic research competitiveness, and analyzes project number and project funding of medical science during 2006-2016. At the same time, the competitiveness of medical science basic research and its changing trend in 31 provinces of China are analyzed. [Result/conclusion] The result shows that, in recent years, China’s basic scientific research has greatly improved, but there is a large gap between the provinces.